This module explores the foundational and advanced principles of educational assessment, focusing on classroom decision-making, assessment planning, and the integration of assessment with instruction. It emphasizes both traditional and alternative assessment methods, including formative, diagnostic, and performance-based approaches. Students will critically engage with concepts of validity, reliability, and accountability, and apply statistical and non-statistical tools to evaluate assessment practices. The module also introduces frameworks for grading and reporting, and the role of ICT in modern assessment.